RESUMO
In a prior study, we observed that female-typical characteristics in elementary school girls' drawings were correlated with a feminized digit ratio (2D:4D), a marker for prenatal androgen exposure. However, this observation was limited to older girls, suggesting that social factors mediate the relationship between 2D:4D and drawing. To examine the hypothesis that the influence of prenatal androgen on girls' drawing is mediated by an effect of early androgens on sex-typical behavior, we examined 2D:4D, free drawings, and scores on the Recalled Childhood Gender Identity (RCGI) Questionnaire in a population of college students. Characteristics of participants' free drawings were assessed and those that showed sex differences were compared with 2D:4D and RCGI scores. Men had smaller 2D:4D ratios than women, used fewer total colors, used fewer pinks, purples, and blues, and had higher gender-typical scores on the RCGI. Women's drawings were more likely to contain flowers and animals and men's drawings were more likely to represent sports. Within-sex RCGI and 2D:4D scores were not significantly correlated. Significant within-sex relationships between 2D:4D and RCGI and drawing behavior were observed but the effects appeared to be independent; the hypothesis that gender-typical childhood behavior mediates the effect of prenatal androgen on drawing characteristics was not supported.
Assuntos
Dedos/anatomia & histologia , Identidade de Gênero , Rememoração Mental , Jogos e Brinquedos , Caracteres Sexuais , Estudantes/psicologia , Análise de Variância , Androgênios , Animais , Antropometria , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Comportamento Sexual , Esportes , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Ulnar artery aneurysms are uncommon lesions. They are often caused by traumatic injury to the hand. Ulnar artery aneurysms have been reported in association with multiple sports-related activities, but never secondary to a basketball injury. The following is a case presentation of an ulnar artery aneurysm likely formed secondary to repetitive basketball slam dunking with accompanying review of diagnosis and surgical treatment of ulnar artery aneurysms.
Assuntos
Aneurisma/etiologia , Basquetebol/lesões , Artéria Ulnar/lesões , Lesões do Sistema Vascular/etiologia , Adulto , Aneurisma/diagnóstico , Aneurisma/cirurgia , Humanos , Angiografia por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Resultado do Tratamento , Artéria Ulnar/patologia , Artéria Ulnar/cirurgia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares , Lesões do Sistema Vascular/diagnóstico , Lesões do Sistema Vascular/cirurgiaRESUMO
Not all fractures heal well or rapidly in the adult skeleton, and basic scientists and clinicians continue to search for ways to make fractures heal more predictably. It is a fundamental tenet of orthopaedics that skeletal injury is followed by inflammation and that this inflammatory response is the first stage in a sequence of events that culminate in skeletal repair. Modulating this response can affect the inflammatory stage and in turn subsequent stages that are required for healing. Literally dozens of studies in animals dating back to the 1970s have investigated the effects of commonly used anti-inflammatory medications on prostaglandin synthesis and fracture repair with strikingly uniform results. More recently, investigators have begun examining other means of modulating the early inflammatory stages after fracture in an effort to enhance fracture healing. This article reviews recent investigations into the potential role of leukotrienes as negative regulators of fracture healing and potential pharmacologic use of medications that block this effect.
